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====== Prominent GMO Critics ======

===== Environmental claims =====

==== Charles Benbrook ====

  * [[Charles Benbrook|Charles Benbrook]] is chief scientist of the Organic Center in Oregon, wrote a much-quoted paper claiming that transgenic crops increase pesticide use.

==== Food and Water Watch ====

  * [[Food and Water Watch|Food and Water Watch]] is an NGO interested in a range of topics including not only GMOs but irradiation and nanotechnology. Recent campaigns include activism on AquaBounty's transgenic salmon.

==== Greenpeace ====

  * [[Greenpeace|Greenpeace]] has released several popular-level reports critical of transgenics.

==== John Losey ====

  * [[John Losey|John Losey]] has researched the potential for monarch butterfly caterpillars to be harmed by transgenic Bt-expressing pollen.

==== David Suzuki ====

  * [[David Suzuki|David Suzuki]] was a respected scientist and science communicator until his retirement in 2001. He has made public statements against GM foods.

==== Nassim Taleb ====

  * [[Nassim Taleb|Nassim Taleb]] is an economist interested in the Precautionary Principle.

==== Union of Concerned Scientists ====

  * [[Union of Concerned Scientists|Union of Concerned Scientists]] is best known for their report, “Failure to Yield”.

==== Luiz Zobiole ====

  * [[Luiz Zobiole|Luiz Zobiole]] has researched mineral uptake in Roundup Ready plants.

===== Health claims =====

==== Mike Adams (Natural News) ====

  * [[Mike Adams|Mike Adams]] known as the “Health Ranger”, runs a website dedicated to alternative medicine and conspiracy theories.

==== Mark Bittman ====

  * [[Mark Bittman|Mark Bittman]] is a food journalist and NY Times columnist, has written several anti-GM articles.

==== Thomas Bohn (Bøhn) ====

  * [[Thomas Bohn|Thomas Bohn]] wrote a paper on glyphosate contamination of GM soybeans.

==== Judy Carman ====

  * [[Judy Carman|Judy Carman]] wrote a study on GM feed and pigs.

==== Consumers Union ==== 

  * [[Consumers Union|Consumers Union]] is the publisher of Consumer Reports magazine, which has recently come out as anti-GM.

==== Z El-Shamei ====

  * [[Z El-Shamei|Z El-Shamei]] wrote a paper describing minor cellular-level differences in rats fed GM feed.

==== ENSSER (European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility) ====

  * [[ENSSER|ENSSER]] is best known for their statement on a lack of scientific consensus for GM safety.

==== Environmental Working Group ====

  * [[Environmental Working Group|Environmental Working Group]] is most famous for their annual “Dirty Dozen” report on pesticide residues, but they also have multiple other consumer reports.

==== Vani Hari (Food Babe) ====

  * [[Vani Hari|Vani Hari]] has a popular blog questioning the safety of GM products and many other standard food practices.

==== Don Huber ====

  * [[Don Huber|Don Huber]] claimed to have isolated a new pathogen associated with glyphosate.

==== Samuel Leblanc & Aziz Aris ====

  * [[Samuel Leblanc & Aziz Aris|Samuel Leblanc & Aziz Aris]] claimed to have found Bt toxin in pregnant women and in fetuses.

==== Manuela Malatesta ====

  * [[Manuela Malatesta|Manuela Malatesta]] claimed to have found cellular-level differences in mice fed GE soy.

==== Joseph Mercola ====

  * [[Joseph Mercola|Joseph Mercola]] is an alternative-medicine web entrepreneur.

==== Belin Mezzomo ====

  * [[Belin Mezzomo|Belin Mezzomo]] was popularly portrayed as having shown that Bt toxin causes leukemia.

==== Mehmet Oz (Dr. Oz) ====

  * [[Mehmet Oz|Mehmet Oz]] is a surgeon and TV doctor who is outspoken about GMOs as well as many alternative therapies.

==== Arpad Pusztai ====

  * [[Arpad Pusztai|Arpad Pusztai]] was portrayed as having shown that GE potatoes have mysterious harmful effects not linked to the proteins they produce.

==== Stephanie Seneff ====

  * [[Stephanie Seneff|Stephanie Seneff]] blames glyphosate for “most of the diseases and conditions associated with a Western diet.”

==== Gilles-Eric Seralini (Séralini) ====

  * [[Gilles-Eric Seralini|Gilles-Eric Seralini]] has written many anti-GM papers. His most famous one involved photographing rats with huge tumors.

==== Jeffrey Smith (Institute for Responsible Technology) ====

  * [[Jeffrey Smith|Jeffrey Smith]] is most famous for “Seeds of Deception” and “Genetic Roulette”.

==== Sándor Spisák ==== 

  * [[Sándor Spisák|Sándor Spisák]] did not actually study transgenics, but has been used by anti-GMO activists because he is believed to have found that DNA from our food can wind up in our bloodstream.

==== Siriporn Thongprakaisang ====

  * [[Siriporn Thongprakaisang|Siriporn Thongprakaisang]] researched a possible link between glyphosate and breast cancer.

===== Socioeconomic Claims =====

==== Bill Freese ====

  * [[Bill Freese|Bill Freese]] of the Center for Food Safety, wrote a paper on regulation of transgenics.

==== GMWatch ====

  * [[GMWatch|GMWatch]] is an organization that publishes many anti-GM works and promotes conspiratorial origins for pro-GM organizations.

==== Michael Pollan ====

  * [[Michael Pollan|Michael Pollan]] is a food writer famous for “The Omnivore's Dilemma”, “Botany of Desire”, “In Defense of Food”, “Food Rules”, and other works; advocates policy changes.

==== Vandana Shiva ==== 

  *[[Vandana Shiva|Vandana Shiva]] an eco-feminist and public figure who is interested in “Terminator genes” and Indian farmer suicides.

===== Multiple Claims =====

==== John Fagan & Michael Antoniou (Earth Open Source) ====

  * [[John Fagan & Michael Antoniou|John Fagan & Michael Antoniou]] is best known for the book “GMO Myths and Truths”.

==== Mae-Wan Ho ====

  * [[Mae-Wan Ho|Mae-Wan Ho]] (Institute of Science in Society, ISIS) is most famous for the “800+ scientists against GMOs” letter, but has written several other anti-GM pieces.

==== Organic Consumers Association ====

  * [[Organic Consumers Association|Organic Consumers Association]] (Millions against Monsanto, Ronnie Cummins) is best known for their project Millions against Monsanto, but have many other campaigns.

==== Henry Rowlands (Sustainable Pulse, GMO Evidence, GMO Seralini, GMO Carman, Global GMO Free Coalition, GM Watch) ====

  * [[Henry Rowlands|Henry Rowlands]] is primarily known for running anti-GM websites.

==== Thierry Vrain ==== 

  * [[Thierry Vrain|Thierry Vrain]] is a retired plant and animal scientist, known for his TED talk about GMOs.

====== Prominent GMO Advocates ======

===== Environmental Claims =====

==== Jian Duan ====

  * [[Jian Duan|Jian Duan]] is a USDA entomologist who performed a meta-analysis of transgenic Bt's effects on honeybees.

===== Health Claims =====

==== Chelsea Snell ==== 

  * [[Chelsea Snell|Chelsea Snell]] has a review focused only on GMO feeding trials that were multigenerational and/or long-term.

==== Alison van Eenennaam ====

  * [[Alison van Eenennaam|Alison van Eenennaam]] reviewed scientific literature on the effect of GMOs on livestock health, dating from the introduction of GMOs.

===== Multiple Claims =====

==== European Commission ====

  * [[European Commission|European Commission]] reviewed only EU-funded research on GMOs.

==== National Research Council ====

  * [[National Research Council|National Research Council]] provided comprehensive examinations of GMO use in the United States.

==== Alessandro Nicolia ====

  * [[Alessandro Nicolia|Alessandro Nicolia]] reviewed all available literature on GMO environmental and health safety.

====== ToDo ======

  * Center for Food Safety 

  * [[http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/11/12/center-for-food-safety-urges-food-and-drug-administration-to-exclude-gmos-from-definition-of-natural/|Center for Food Safety urges FDA to exclude GMOs from definition of ‘natural’]]

  * [[http://www.civilbeat.com/2014/04/21937-taking-root-a-rising-voice-in-hawaiis-gmo-politics/|Taking Root: A Rising Voice in Hawaii’s GMO Politics]]
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